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неделя, 4 май 2014 г.
The Marijuana Plant
The history of marijuana use reaches back farther than many would guess. Cultivation of the plant dates back thousands of years. The first written account of cannabis cultivation (ostensibly used as medical marijuana) is found in Chinese records dating from the 28th century B.C.E. And a nearly 3,000-year-old Egyptian mummycontained traces of THC, the main psychoactive chemical in marijuana, as well as other drugs [source: Parsche and Nerlich].
Cannabis sativa is perhaps the world's most recognizable plant. Pictures of the ubiquitous, green cannabis leaf show up in the news media, textbooks and drug-prevention literature. Its shape is made into jewelry, plastered on bumper stickers and clothing, and spray-painted on walls. The leaves are arranged palmately, radiating from a common center, like the fingers of a hand spreading apart. Although most people know what the cannabis plant looks like, they may know very little about its horticulture.
Believed to be a native plant of India, Cannabis sativa possibly originated in a region just north of the Himalayas. It's an herbaceousannual that can grow to a height of 8-12 feet (4 to 5.4 meters), with reports as high as 20 and 25 feet (the indica variety tends to be squatter). The plant has flowers that bloom from late summer to mid-fall, when grown outdoors. Of course, plenty of people grow cannabis indoors, too. (See How Grow Houses Work for more information.)
Cannabis plants usually have one of two types of flowers, male or female, and some plants have both. Male flowers grow in elongated clusters along the leaves and turn yellow and die after blossoming. Female flowers grow in spike-like clusters and remain dark green for a month after blossoming, until the seed ripens. Hashish, which is more potent than marijuana, is made from the resin of the cannabis flowers.
As we mentioned, marijuana plants contain hundreds of chemicals, 109 of which fit into a category calledcannabinoids [source: Mehmedic et al.]. THC, of course, is one of these cannabinoids, and it's the chemical most often associated with the effects that marijuana has on the brain. The concentration of THC and other cannabinoids varies depending on growing conditions, plant genetics and processing after harvest. You'll learn more about the potency of THC and the toxicity of marijuana next.
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The Marijuana Plant
The history of marijuana use reaches back farther than many would guess. Cultivation of the plant dates back thousands of years. The first written account of cannabis cultivation (ostensibly used as medical marijuana) is found in Chinese records dating from the 28th century B.C.E. And a nearly 3,000-year-old Egyptian mummycontained traces of THC, the main psychoactive chemical in marijuana, as well as other drugs [source: Parsche and Nerlich].
Cannabis sativa is perhaps the world's most recognizable plant. Pictures of the ubiquitous, green cannabis leaf show up in the news media, textbooks and drug-prevention literature. Its shape is made into jewelry, plastered on bumper stickers and clothing, and spray-painted on walls. The leaves are arranged palmately, radiating from a common center, like the fingers of a hand spreading apart. Although most people know what the cannabis plant looks like, they may know very little about its horticulture.
Believed to be a native plant of India, Cannabis sativa possibly originated in a region just north of the Himalayas. It's an herbaceousannual that can grow to a height of 8-12 feet (4 to 5.4 meters), with reports as high as 20 and 25 feet (the indica variety tends to be squatter). The plant has flowers that bloom from late summer to mid-fall, when grown outdoors. Of course, plenty of people grow cannabis indoors, too. (See How Grow Houses Work for more information.)
Cannabis plants usually have one of two types of flowers, male or female, and some plants have both. Male flowers grow in elongated clusters along the leaves and turn yellow and die after blossoming. Female flowers grow in spike-like clusters and remain dark green for a month after blossoming, until the seed ripens. Hashish, which is more potent than marijuana, is made from the resin of the cannabis flowers.
As we mentioned, marijuana plants contain hundreds of chemicals, 109 of which fit into a category calledcannabinoids [source: Mehmedic et al.]. THC, of course, is one of these cannabinoids, and it's the chemical most often associated with the effects that marijuana has on the brain. The concentration of THC and other cannabinoids varies depending on growing conditions, plant genetics and processing after harvest. You'll learn more about the potency of THC and the toxicity of marijuana next.
How Marijuana Works
Ganja. Bud. Herb. Call it what you will, there's no question that marijuana has become a divisive issue in U.S. politics. Whether for its role in supporting drug cartels, its tendency to worsen the impact of unbalanced drug laws, or simply its position in the center of the drug legalization movement, the sticky icky has become a rather sticky wicket.
Although banned by the U.S. government in 1937, marijuana has been the subject of much legal wrangling since the 1980s, gradually opening the way for medicinal use in 20 states and the District of Columbia as of January 2014. Colorado and Washington also have approved recreational use. Meanwhile, more than a dozen states have decriminalized holding of small quantities of weed [sources:Rabin, Cassidy].
Even though support for legalization has doubled in the past 20 years or so, usage has remained relatively flat [source:Saad]. According to a July 2013 Gallup poll, roughly 38 percent of Americans had tried marijuana, and 7 percent, or 22 million people, partook of the drug. The United States drug market is one of the world's most commercially viable and attracts drug traffickers from every corner of the globe. Depending on location and quality of product, marijuana can cost anywhere from $1.77-$17.66 per gram ($800-$8,000 per pound) [source: Wilson].
Typically, marijuana refers to the buds and leaves of the Cannabis sativa or Cannabis indica plants. The cannabis plant contains more than 500 chemicals, including delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive chemical [source: Mehmedic et al.]. Cannabis impairs memory during and between uses, although the restorative effects of long-term abstinence remain unclear. In addition, during use, it adversely affects motor coordination, attention and judgment, increases heart rate and raises levels ofanxiety. Studies also show that marijuana smoke contains irritants and cancer-causing chemicals typically associated with cigarettes [sources: Hall and Solowij; NIDA]. In this article, you will learn about marijuana, why this drug is so popular and what effects it has on your mind and body. Source"http://smokeeverytimeandeverywhere.blogspot.com/
Is marijuana healthy for diabetic?
I love California. This November, Californians will have the opportunity to vote on a measure that would legalize marijuana use and sale in the state. Adults over the age of 21 would be allowed to carry up to an ounce of marijuana, and they would be allowed to cultivate for personal usage up to 25 square feet of cannabis plants. As of April 2009, 56% of Californians surveyed supported the legalization and taxation of pot.
Let me be clear: I like this idea because I think it’s silly to have so much of our criminal justice system tied up with drug charges, and because I giggle at the absurdity of the fact that our state government is essentially saying, “Well, if you can’t beat ‘em…”
In other words, my reasons for liking this proposal, and for liking California, have nothing to do with the drug itself. In fact, pot itself is a big open question for me– namely:
Can a diabetic smoke pot?
I don’t mean “can” here as a verb of possibility or survivability. What I mean is– is it a good idea for a type 1 diabetic to smoke pot? How does marijuana affect blood sugar control and management, in terms of both behavior and biology?
Lacking any personal experience in the matter, I first turn to the internet to answer these questions.
The first thing I note: many other people are wondering the same thing. Rarely does Google pre-fill queries I have about diabetes, but this one Google is all over: “marijuana and diabetes,” “marijuana diabetes type 1,” “marijuana diabetes type 2,” “marijuana diabetes treatment,” and so on.
The results of these queries are full of accounts from people with the personal experience I don’t have. There are apparently many message boards, either diabetes-focused or pot-focused, that have touched on the question of whether it’s OK for diabetics to smoke pot.
The behavioral effects seem widely agreed upon– pot tends to warp the user’s judgement, and tends to bring on “the munchies,” neither of which is particularly good for diabetics. But, notably, neither is insurmountable for diabetics or the non-diabetic pot smoker, and, frankly, neither is all that different for blood glucose control from the effects or being at a party where everyone is eating and the lone diabetic is too busy to pay close attention to her diabetes.
But the biological effects are much more unclear. Personal experience reported on forums here is nearly useless, as most people, especially people under the influence, are poor judges of the exact patterning of biological or metabolic changes. Some people claim pot use lowers blood glucose and HbA1c (see bob1234 here), others claim it raises blood sugars, and no one is impartial. (Unsurprisingly, everyone who identifies as a pot-smoking diabetic in these forums thinks it’s just fiiiiine.)
Medical research, unfortunately, does not prove to be much help either here; there are plenty of papers on the blood glucose control of substance-using diabetics, especially teens, but asking “How well do pot-smokers manage their diabetes?” is very different from asking, “What, independent of behavior and emotion, does pot do in a diabetic?”
So, I conclude: I don’t know if I could or would smoke pot, even if it were legal.
Of course, if marijuana use is legalized in California, there will likely be a sudden increase in the amount of available scientific research on the subject, complete with double-blind tests and molecular analyses of the effects of marijuana on all sorts of people, including diabetics. (Can’t you just see it now? Every grad student in California will suddenly decide, gee, I want to write my thesis on how pot affects my depression/angst/ability to parse 19th century English literature…)
Source"http://smokeeverytimeandeverywhere.blogspot.com/
Want Big, Sugary, Tasty, Sweet-Smelling Marijuana Buds?
Marijuana responds to extra carbohydrates and amino acids the same way endurance athletes respond when they load carbs before competing.
Marijuana scientists say your hydroponics plants have more energy, vigor and yield when you feed them carbohydrates, vitamins and amino acids through their roots.
And marijuana growers have long believed that you pouring carbos and other enhancers into your root zone can make your buds more sugary, and more tasty.
In the good ol' days of Colombian Gold that sold in the USA for$20 an ounce, Colombian farmers poured sugar, vanilla, cinnamon or molasses into their marijuana root zone, hoping to sweeten their crops.
Nowadays, your hydroponics store offers formulas that contain carbs and other ingredients said to boost plant energy, bud taste, and aroma. But you have to be careful about what you use...
One product professional marijuana growers'll tell you to avoid is Brix Plus. Its maker recommends spraying it on your crops a few days before harvest.
Some people use it after harvest. It's supposed to add weight and make crappy weed taste better. What it really does is clog leaf openings (stomata) that your marijuana plants breathe through. Dealers use it to pad their weed weight. It sucks.
Because marijuana growers desire to enhance bud size, taste, aroma, and potency, you see hydroponics products advertised as containing "carbohydrates" that boost yields and other bud traits. But how accurate is this information, and what if any product actually makes your buds taste, smell and grow better?
To answer these important questions, first look at an article about spraying carbohydrates on plants. The article is in the December, 2010 issue of Maximum Yield hydroponics magazine; it's authored by "Craig Gribble."
Gribble's article, titled Plant Potential: Maximum Growth Through Foliar Feeding, claims foliar feeding carbohydrates is far better than root feeding.
That's a surprising, weird claim. We all recognize that plants evolved to take water and nutrition in through their roots, and that the only inputs our marijuana plants evolved to take in through leaves are light and C02.
So why would Craig Gribble tell us otherwise?
When I asked hydroponics store owners, they said it's likely because Craig Gribble runs a hydroponics company called Dutch Master--a company that makes hydroponics foliar spray products such as Liquid Light and Saturator.
I tried to figure out how and if those products worked to make bigger, sweeter, more resinous buds, but the Dutch Master people refused to tell me if their products are meant to be used for medical marijuana.
Old Information Versus Modern Marijuana Research
While I was studying the Dutch Master website and plant science studies trying to figure out if Dutch Master is legit, I noticed the opening sentences of Gribble’s Maximum Yield article are word for word the exact same as the opening paragraphs of an advertising blurb on the Dutch Master website.
What's more, Gribble's article and website mention the research of "Dr. H.B. Tukey" to assert that foliar feeding is amazingly effective--but Gribble fails to mention that Tukey’s research was conducted more than half a century ago on non-marijuana crops, and has been superseded by marijuana-specific research.
Gribble wants us to believe hydroponics marijuana roots do not uptake carbohydrates, amino acids and other non-nutrient substances.
But anyone can read actual scientific reports showing Gribble's theories are off base.
But hey, foliar spraying is useful in certain circumstances. Notice I use the term “foliar spraying” rather than "foliar feeding," because most foliar benefits are protective rather than nutritional.
For example, I foliar spray beneficial microbes and potassium silicate on my early-phase crops, because this helps defeat molds, mildews, and pests such as spider mites.
If my crops are in trouble and I can't wait for the root zone to do its job, I'll try foliar spraying and usually I can get least get some nutrition into the plants that way.
Here's a basic but crucial foliar spraying tip: if you want hydroponics nutrients foliar spraying to be at all effective, use an organic or synthetic "surfactant" that helps leaves absorb what you're spraying.
Realize that some portion of what you spray on your crops is likely to be on them as residue when you harvest, especially if you spray during late bloom phase.
Unless you're dealing with an emergency situation that absolutely requires foliar spraying, avoid foliar spraying after your marijuana plants have set flowers.
Foliar sprays ruin the taste of your buds, and can create health problems for anyone who smokes your buds.
Marijuana That Tastes Like Cannabis Candy
So it's easy to see Gribble is mistaken about marijuana roots, carbohydrates, and foliar feeding, but what's the real story about how to use carb products to amp up the quality and quantity of your marijuana harvests?
Old school growers still use molasses and other crude materials, but those materials can cause root zone problems, and it's unclear if they make your buds sweeter, bigger, or higher in THC.
It's easier to use a hydroponics formula like Bud Candy, that's a marijuana-engineered carbo booster that provides complex carbohydrates and proprietary materials that infuse into your plants via roots to boost the scent, taste, size and potency of your buds.
Hydroponics carbo boosters such as Bud Candy provide blooming hydroponics marijuana plants extra energy at a time when they're running out of energy due to intense metabolic demands.
These boosters also feed beneficial root zone microbes that increase yield and protect your marijuana roots.
Marijuana Grow Guru Jorge Cervantes Agrees
Marijuana grow guru Jorge Cervantes and other knowledgeable cannabis cultivation experts publicly state that marijuana plants' roots are the intake engine for nutritional elements, carbohydrates, and all other substances necessary for cannabis growth and yield.
I have to side with the marijuana experts, and it leads me to conclude that Dutch Master's Gribble unfairly disses your marijuana's roots and misleads you about how to feed your marijuana plants.
But this controversy exposes a crucial difference between Big Buds and Maximum Yield, and also illustrates how some businesspeople who profit from marijuana growers refuse to join the marijuana community or provide accurate information about hydroponics products and marijuana.
In Maximum Yield magazine and at its indoor gardening expo events, nobody is allowed to mention marijuana.
This makes it impossible to have a transparent marijuana cultivation discussion so you know what products are good to use for your cannabis crops.
In stark contrast, Big Buds gives you tools, techniques, and tactics for growing heavyweight buds sticky with THC.
Unlike the Maxi Yield people, I am a marijuana grower who risks his life and freedom to grow pot, and I write for Big Buds because I want you to safely grow your dankest, most valuable buds ever!!
Compare that to Maximum Yield, Gribble, and Dutch Master: they're NOT marijuana growers, and will nevertell you how to get the dankest, kindest buds from your marijuana.
For years, Maximum Yield has been crying that marijuana is illegal, and that's why they can't be honest and admit that their entire magazine (other than the lame articles about cucumbers) is about equipment for marijuana growing.
But now that marijuana is TOTALLY legal in Colorado and Washington, and headed towards totally or mostly-legal in nearly half of all American states, what's their excuse for discriminating against the marijuana growing community?
What else can you say except that they're scared of marijuana. They don't like marijuana. I've never met anyone who's seen the owners of Maximum Yield actually use marijuana!
And this is why marijuana growers turn to BigBudsMag.com--instead of Maximum Yield--when they want crop-boosting marijuana cultivation information.
It's easy to see your marijuana plants want to be fed through their roots, and when you give them the right carboyhydrates and other root boosters, you get bigger, more sugary buds. It's also easy to see that Gribble's mistaken opinion about root feeding versus foliar feeding is bitter medicine for you and your buds. Source"http://smokeeverytimeandeverywhere.blogspot.com/
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